Second-hand Books; Friend of Smart Publishers

The culture and publishing service of Iran Book News Agency (IBNA), the sale of second-hand books was common in special bookstores in several European cities, but the city of London had several second-hand bookstores. It is said that the bookstore belonging to James Lackington (1746-1815 AD) at the end of the 18th century was not only the largest bookstore in England but also the largest bookstore in the world at that time. He had a market of cheap books and many buyers who browsed his large bookstore, chose their favorite books from among the piles of books, and bought them at a cheap or relatively cheap price.

Another bookseller named Francis Kirkman opened a large bookstore in London that rented books for a small fee. His work was well-received, especially in small towns where people had more leisure time, less income, and books were a more suitable means to fill their idle hours.

The circulation of books through lending and rental influenced publishing, as publishers realized what types of books, in what fields, and by which authors people were more interested in renting. Those with low income and little money who rented books had to prioritize their most desired books, and this was a clear sign for smart and market-savvy publishers to more accurately assess the tastes of buyers and readers.